Soilborne Wheat Mosaic And Spindle Streak Mosaic Virus
Short summary:
Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SB) and wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (SS) cause disease and yield. loss in fallsown small grains especially in cool ...
Long summary:
Soilborne Wheat Mosaic And Spindle Streak Mosaic VirusPage 1Soilborne Wheat Mosaic And Spindle Streak Mosaic VirusChristina Cowger: USDAARS Plant PathologistRandy Weisz: Small Grains Extension SpecialistIntroductionSoilborne wheat mosaic virus (SB) and wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (SS) cause disease and yield loss in fallsown small grains especially in cool wet soils. SB infects wheat rye barley and triticalewith wheat being the primary host. Wheat is the only known host of SS. Both viruses appear to betransmitted (vectored) by a soilborne funguslike organism Polymyxa graminis which makesswimming spores that infect the roots of wheat rye barley and triticale. There may be other soilbornevectors for these diseases. The virus and its vector can be carried in soil on machines from field to field.SymptomsLeaf symptoms for both diseases first appear in early springpersist until warmer weather and then diminish attemperatures above 75 F. The diseases look similar and sometimes plants are infected with both viruses. Somevarieties are susceptible to one disease but not the other whichcan help with identification. Both diseases appear as irregularpatches of yellow or pale green wheat often in low wet areasor drainage paths and areas around old building sites.SB symptoms (Fig. 1) include mild green to yellow mosaicyellowgreen mottling dashes and parallel streaks mostclearly visible on the youngest leaf. Reddish streaking and necrosis at leaf tips sometimes occurs. Stunting can bemoderate to severe depending on the variety. Reduced tillering and lowered kernel weights and test weights are also common.SS usually appears earlier in the spring than SB and is moreuniformly distributed in the field. Symptoms (Fig. 2) includeyellow to lightgreen streaks or dashes 1/8 to1/4 long on adark green background. Streaks are oriented parallel to leafveins and often are tapered which gives the lesions a spindleshape. Mild stunting of roots and shoots and reduced tillering occur. Maturity ...
Source: www.ars.usda.gov
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