Compiling Java for Embedded Systems
Short summary:
Become a mainstream programming language without mainstream implementation techniques.Cygnus is building a Java programming environment that is based on a ...
Long summary:
Compiling Java for Embedded Systems Compiling Java for Embedded Systems By Per Bothner. While a major factor in Javas success is its use of portable bytecodes, we believe it cannot become a mainstream programming language without mainstream implementation techniques. Specifically, an optimizing, ahead-of-time compiler allows much better optimization along with much faster application start-up times than with JIT translators. Cygnus Solutions is writing a Java front-end for the GNU compiler, gcc, in order to translate Java bytecodes to machine code. This uses a widely used, proven technology. In this paper, we discuss issues in implementing Java using traditional compiler, linker, and debugging technology; particular emphasis is given to using Java in embedded and limited memory environments. 1 JAVA IMPLEMENTATION Java (see Bibliography for JavaSpec on page 15) has become popular because it is a decent programming language, is buzzword-compliant (object-oriented and webenabled), and because it is implemented by compiling to portable bytecodes (see Bibliography for JavaVMSpec on page 15). The traditional Java implementation model is to compile Java source code into .class files containing machine-independent bytecode instructions. These .class files are downloaded and interpreted by a browser or some other Java Virtual Machine (VM). See the diagram in Figure 1 (below) for a model of the traditional Java implementation. Figure 1: Typical Java implementation However, interpreting bytecodes makes Java program many times slower than comparable C or C++ programs. One approach to improving this situation is Just-InTime (JIT) compilers. These dynamically translate bytecodes to machine code just before a method is first executed. This can provide substantial speed-up, but it is still slower than C or C++. There are three main drawbacks with the JIT approach compared to conventional compilers: The compilation is done every time the application...
Source: gcc.gnu.org
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